U.S. Panel Backs Routine Lung CT Scans for Older, Heavy Smokers

Yearly testing will prevent some lung cancer deaths, experts conclude

View the original article here

Romanian court backs stray dog cull

By Luiza Ilie and Christian Lowe

BUCHAREST (Reuters) - Romania's top court ruled in favor of a law to kill tens of thousands of stray dogs from the streets of Bucharest on Wednesday after a four-year-old boy was mauled to death earlier this month.

The boy's death triggered street protests demanding action against the capital's more than 60,000 strays, who bite dozens of people every day and are also a deterrent for tourism.

Parliament overwhelmingly backed a law that allows local administrations to put down dogs caught in public spaces if they are not adopted within two weeks. Animal rights groups, however, have protested for the dogs to be saved and a group of lawmakers challenged the law in the Constitutional Court.

Prime Minister Victor Ponta welcomed the court's ruling in favor of the law on Wednesday.

"You cannot postpone a decision between a kid's life and a dog's life," he told Reuters. "It is very clear that the decision should be to protect people's life."

Hundreds of animal rights' protesters gathered outside the court to protest, chanting "May you get the dogs' fate" and carrying banners that said "Red card for Romania", "Choose life" and "We are not a criminal nation." Protests were set to continue.

"We will consult lawyers and if possible ... we will attack the decision at the international level," said Kuki Barbuceanu, project coordinator for the local unit of Vier Pfoten, an animal welfare organization.

In previous failed campaigns to cull the strays local and international animal rights groups have argued that sterilization and adoption were the solution.

Ponta said he hoped that local authorities would look at adoption or finding shelter for the dogs first, and use the option to kill them "very rarely".

Strays are thought to be a legacy of late communist dictator Nicolae Ceausescu's decision to bulldoze pre-World War Two houses in Bucharest's historic center in the 1980s to make way for the parliament building, one of the largest in the world.

In the process, thousands of guard dogs were abandoned by residents who had been forcibly relocated into small apartments.

In 2006, a 68-year-old Japanese businessman bled to death in central Bucharest after a stray dog bit him in the leg. Two years ago, a woman in her 50s died of multiple wounds after being attacked by a pack of dogs.

(Editing by Susan Fenton)

View the original article here

Hawking 'backs assisted suicide'

17 September 2013 Last updated at 06:51 ET

Prof Stephen Hawking on why he wanted the film made

UK cosmologist Prof Stephen Hawking has publicly said he backs the notion of assisted suicide for people with terminal illnesses.

In an interview with the BBC he said: "We don't let animals suffer, so why humans?"

Prof Hawking, who has the progressive condition motor neurone disease, has in the past been less candid about the idea, saying "there is always hope".

But he stressed that there must be safeguards to prevent abuse.

Prof Hawking himself was once put on a life support machine which his wife was given the option of switching off.

When asked if family members of those who wish to die should be able to assist without fear of prosecution, Prof Hawking said yes.

But he added: "There must be safeguards that the person concerned genuinely wants to end their life and they are not being pressurised into it or have it done without their knowledge or consent as would have been the case with me."

Hawking, 71, is one of the world's most famous scientists.

Aside from his academic accolades, the Prof learned to adapt to life after being diagnosed with motor neurone disease and given two years to live when he married his first wife, Jane, in 1964.

Only 5% of people with the form of MND that he has - a condition called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease - survive for more than a decade after diagnosis.

View the original article here

FDA Panel Backs Wider Use of Drug to Treat Early Stage Breast Cancer

THURSDAY, Sept. 12 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. advisers endorsed on Thursday the broader use of a drug already used to treat advanced breast cancer that also appears to shrink early stage breast tumors.

This could potentially offer women with early stage breast cancer a first-of-its-kind treatment option and the hope of less-invasive surgical procedures.

If approved to treat early stage tumors, the drug, Perjeta, might result in less invasive surgical treatment for women with HER2-positive early stage breast cancer. In that role, Perjeta (pertuzumab) would be the first cancer-fighting drug approved as a first-step breast cancer therapy in the United States.

A U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel voted 13 to 0 to recommend approval of the drug. The FDA is not bound to follow the recommendations of its advisory panels but it usually does.

An FDA report that was posted online Tuesday said the drug looked promising in trials. The report also said, however, that drug-related cardiac concerns will require additional research.

Advisory panel chairman Dr. Mikkael Sekeres, a professor of medicine at the Cleveland Clinic, called Thursday's vote "a historic moment," The Associated Press reported.

"We are supporting the movement of a highly active drug for metastatic breast cancer to the first-line setting, with the hope that women with earlier stages of breast cancer will live longer and better," Sekeres said.

The FDA is considering "fast-track" -- or accelerated -- approval of Perjeta, which is made by Roche's Genentech division, the AP reported. Fast-track approvals usually are given to drugs that haven't been thoroughly tested but show promising results in early trials.

Panel members insisted Thursday that Genentech carry out more trials to ensure that Perjeta will enable breast cancer patients to live longer, healthier lives, the news service said.

Genentech estimated that about 15,000 women with HER2-positive early stage breast cancer could receive early treatment with Perjeta each year, Bloomberg News reported.

Cancer specialists welcomed the news earlier this week of the preliminary results for Perjeta.

"This is tremendously exciting," said Dr. Amy Tiersten, associate professor in the division of hematology and medical oncology at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City.

"Pertuzumab was FDA approved in 2012 for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer when it was shown that it improved survival when added to standard regimens for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer," Tiersten said. Metastatic breast cancer is cancer that has spread to other parts of the body.

"But the really exciting information is when this can be translated into earlier stages of disease, where we can completely eradicate the disease and cure more women," she said.

The preliminary trial under discussion showed that when Perjeta was added to standard pre-surgical regimens for HER2-positive breast cancer, the chance of finding no cancer after the treatment was nearly doubled, Tiersten said.

Women who have chemotherapy before surgery and who achieve complete remission -- no cancer at the time of breast surgery -- have a much greater chance of being completely cured of their disease, she said.

Dr. Aye Moe Thu Ma, attending physician in breast surgical oncology with St. Luke's and Roosevelt Hospitals in New York City, also voiced enthusiasm.

"We currently have limited options for [first-step] treatment of breast cancer," Ma said. "I'm excited that this may provide a more specific treatment for people with HER2-positive cancer."

This means women may be able to keep their breasts because the tumor size is reduced before surgery, and some women may prefer this, she said.

Genentech is hoping for fast-track approval of Perjeta. The FDA can expedite approval for groundbreaking drugs as long as the drug maker pursues more research to show that the medication prolongs disease-free survival.

Both short- and long-term side effects will need to be examined to fully evaluate risks and benefits of this medication if it is approved, Ma added.

Perjeta is one of many newer biologic agents used to treat breast cancer. "These biologic or 'targeted' treatments work on breast cancer cells in a more specific way than some older treatments so there are many fewer casualties to normal cells translating into many fewer side effects for our patients," Tiersten said.

About one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime.

According to the Mayo Clinic, HER2-positive breast cancer is a breast cancer driven by a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which promotes the growth of cancer cells.

HER2-positive breast cancers typically are more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. But there are effective drug treatments, including trastuzumab (brand name Herceptin) and lapatinib (Tykerb). Both drugs can produce side effects, including congestive heart failure, according to the Mayo Clinic.

More information

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has more about early stage breast cancer.

Copyright c 2013?HealthDay. All rights reserved.

View the original article here